Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ñåòè ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèõ ñèñòåì Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ñåòè ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèõ ñèñòåì
Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ñåòè ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèõ ñèñòåì ÐÅÔÅÐÀÒÛ ÐÅÊÎÌÅÍÄÓÅÌ  
 
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Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ñåòè ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèõ ñèñòåì


Ìèíèñòåðñòâî òîïëèâà è
ýíåðãåòèêè Ðîññèè.
Åêàòåðèíáóðãñêèé
ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèé òåõíèêóì
ÊÓÐÑÎÂÎÉ   ÏÐÎÅÊÒ
ïî ïðåäìåòó “Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå
ñåòè ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèõ ñèñòåì”
Òåìà: Ýëåêòðè÷åñêàÿ ñåòü 110
êÂ
ÊÏ  2102 Ñ-514-Ý
                                                                   Ðàçðàáîòàë:
Óãðåíåâ Ñ.Å.
                                                               
Ðóêîâîäèë:
Òåëåãèíà È.À.
1999ã.                                                    
Îöåíêà
Ïîÿñíèòåëüíàÿ çàïèñêà.
ÊÏ 2102 Ñ-514-Ý
ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ:
                                                                                             
ñòð.
Ââåäåíèå                                                                                                
1.Âûáîð
òèïà è ìîùíîñòè ñèëîâûõ òðàíñôîðìàòîðîâ                  
2.
Ñîñòàâëåíèå âàðèàíòîâ ñõåì ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé ñåòè è
    ðàñ÷åò äâóõ èç íèõ ïðè ìàêñèìàëüíûõ
íàãðóçêàõ                        
3.
Òåõíèêî-ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå ñðàâíåíèå äâóõ âûáðàííûõ
    âàðèàíòîâ ñåòè                                                                                  
4.Îêîí÷àòåëüíûé
ðàñ÷åò îïòèìàëüíîãî âàðèàíòà ñõåìû
   ïðîåêòèðóåìîé ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé ñåòè                                               
5.Îïðåäåëåíèå
íàïðÿæåíèÿ íà øèíàõ ïîäñòàíöèè                          
6.Ñïèñîê
ëèòåðàòóðû                                                                          
ÂÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ
 
Ñèñòåìîîáðàçóþùàÿ ñåòü ÅÝÑ Ðîññèè ñôîðìèðîâàíà ýëåêòðè÷åñêèìè ñåòÿìè
íàïðÿæåíèÿ 220-1150 ê îò Áàéêàëà äî Êàëèíèíãðàäà, îáùåé ïðîòÿæåííîñòüþ áîëåå
148 òûñ. êì.
  Íàëè÷èå
ïðîòÿæåííîé åäèíîé ýíåðãåòè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìû ïîçâîëÿåò èñïîëüçîâàòü ìàêñèìóìîâ
íàãðóçêè ïî ÷àñîâûì ïîÿñàì ñóììàðíûì ýôôåêòîì äî 8 ìëí.êÂò.
   Ðàçâèòèå
ñèñòåìîîáðàçóþùåé ñåòè äîëæíî îñóùåñòâëÿòüñÿ ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì äâóõ ñèñòåì íîìèíàëüíûõ
íàïðÿæåíèé 110-220-500-1150 ê íà áîëüøåé ÷àñòè òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèè è 110-330-750
ê â çàïàäíîé ÷àñòè ÎÝÑ Öåíòðà è ÎÝÑ Ñåâåðî-Çàïàäà.
  Â ïåðèîä äî
2010ã. íà áîëüøåé ÷àñòè Åâðîïåéñêîé òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèè , âêëþ÷àÿ Ñåâåðíûé Êàâêàç
,  â Ñèáèðè è íà Äàëüíåì Âîñòîêå ñòàíåò
ðàçâèâàòüñÿ ñëîæíàÿ ìíîãîêîëüöåâàÿ ñåòü íàïðÿæåíèåì 500 êÂ.  çàïàäíûõ ðàéîíàõ
äëÿ âûäà÷è ìîùíîñòè ÀÝÑ çàêàí÷èâàåòñÿ ôîðìèðîâàíèå ëèíèé 750 êÂ.
  Â 1995 ãîäó
â ýíåðãîñèñòåìàõ Ðîññèè íàïðÿæåíèåì 110 ê è âûøå ýêñïëóàòèðîâàëîñü îêîëî 440
òûñ. êì ÂË è ïî÷òè      530 ìëí.êÂÀ
îáùåé òðàíñôîðìàòîðíîé ìîùíîñòè.
  Äëÿ
ïåðåäà÷è èçáûòêîâ ìîùíîñòè èç âîñòî÷íîé ÷àñòè ÎÝÑ Ñèáèðè â çàïàäíûå
ýíåðãîñèñòåìû è ÷åðåç Êàçàõñòàí íà Þæíûé Óðàë çàâåðøàåòñÿ ñòðîèòåëüñòâî ÂË 1150
ê Èòàò-Áàðíîóë . Åå âêëþ÷åíèå óâåëè÷èò ïðîïóñêíóþ ñïîñîáíîñòü
ýëåêòðîìàãèñòðàëè â îòäåëüíûõ ñå÷åíèÿõ íà 800 
ÌÂò. Äëÿ ñîçäàíèÿ  ñâÿçè ìåæäó
âîñòî÷íîé è åâðîïåéñêîé ÷àñòÿìè ÅÝÑ Ðîññèè ïîñëå 2000ã. íàìå÷àåòñÿ ñîîðóæåíèÿ
ÂË-1150 ê Ñèáèðü-Óðàë , êîòîðàÿ ïðîéäåò ïî òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèè.
  Òåì íå ìåíåå
ïðîïóñêíàÿ ñïîñîáíîñòü ñåòè âñå åùå íå äîñòàòî÷íà.
   Â
ïåðñïåêòèâå áóäóò ðàçâèâàòüñÿ ñâÿçè ÅÝÑ Ðîññèè ñ ýíåðãîñèñòåìàìè çàðóáåæíûõ
ñòðàí ïî ñëåäóþùèì íàïðàâëåíèÿì:
1. Óâåëè÷åíèå ýêñïîðòíûõ ïîñòàâîê ýëåêòðîýíåðãèè â
Ôèíëÿíäèþ (2õ öåïíàÿ ÂË-330 ê è ÂË-400 êÂ).
2. Ýêñïîðò ìîùíîñòè è ýëåêòðîýíåðãèè â Ãåðìàíèþ(
ëèíèÿ
 ïîñòîÿííîãî
òîêà 4000 ÌÂò íà 500 êÂ).
3. Óâåëè÷åíèå ýêñïîðòíûõ ïîñòàâîê ýëåêòðîýíåðãèè èç
Ðîññè â ñòðàíû âîñòî÷íîé Åâðîïû ÷åðåç Óêðàèíó.
4. Ýêñïîðò ýëåêòðîýíåðãèè èç âîñòî÷íûõ ðåãèîíîâ è
Ñèáèðè â Êèòàé.
5. Ýêñïîðò ìîùíîñòè è ýëåêòðîýíåðãèè èç
Êàëèíèíãðàäñêîé ýíåðãîñèñòåìû â Áåëîðóñèþ , Ïîëüøó , Ãåðìàíèþ .
Íîâûå òåíäåíöèè: â ïåðñïåêòèâíîé ñòðóêòóðå
ýëåêòðîïîòðåáëåíèÿ áóäóò îïðåäåëÿòüñÿ â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü èçìåíåíèåì ñîîòíîøåíèÿ
ìåæäó äîëåé ïðîìûøëåííîãî è êîììóíàëüíî-áûòîâîãî ýëåêòðîïîòðåáëåíèÿ. Íà
ïðîèçâîäñòâî åäèíèöû ñîïîñòàâèìîé ïðîäóêöèè áîëüøèíñòâî ðîññèéñêèõ çàâîäîâ
çàòðà÷èâàþò â 2-3 ðàçà áîëüøå ýíåðãèè è òîïëèâà, ÷åì èõ çàðóáåæíûå êîíêóðåíòû.
Ïðè÷èíû:
     
1.Èçíîøåííîå îáîðóäîâàíèå ìíîãèõ ïðåäïðèÿòèé.
     
2.Íèçêèé íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêèé óðîâåíü ïðîìûøëåííîñòè,
          
îñîáåííî â ÷àñòè ýíåðãîñáåðåãàþùèõ òåõíîëîãèé.
     
3.Ðåêîíñòðóêöèÿ ýíåðãîîáîðóäîâàíèÿ äîëæíà ñî÷åòàòü
      
äåìîíòàæ óñòàðåâøåãî îáîðóäîâàíèÿ, çàìåíó åãî íîâûì
      áîëåå
ýêîíîìè÷íûì è ýêîëîãè÷åñêè ÷èñòûì, è ïðîäëåíèå
       ñðîêîâ
ñëóæáû îáîðóäîâàíèÿ âûñîêîãî äàâëåíèÿ ïóòåì
       çàìåíû
âûðàáîòàâøèõ ñâîé ðåñóðñ óçëîâ è äåòàëåé.
 Ñåðüåçíàÿ
ïðîáëåìà äëÿ âñåõ ñòðàí ÑÍÃ - ñòàðåíèå îáîðóäîâàíèÿ ýëåêòðîñòàíöèé è
ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ ñåòåé. Áîëåå 60% îáîðóäîâàíèÿ ýêñïëóàòèðóåòñÿ ñâûøå 15 ëåò, â òîì
÷èñëå áîëåå 40% ñâûøå 25 ëåò. Ñðîê ñëóæáû ÷àñòè ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ ñåòåé ïðåâûøàåò
30 ëåò.
[ 5 , ñòð.   6-7 ]
1.ÂÛÁÎР ÒÈÏÀ 
È  ÌÎÙÍÎÑÒÈ ÑÈËÎÂÛÕ  ÒÐÀÍÑÔÎÐÌÀÒÎÐÎÂ
1.1.
Ñîñòàâëåíèå áàëàíñà ìîùíîñòè ïî ÏÑ
     Äëÿ ñîñòàâëåíèÿ áàëàíñà ìîùíîñòè
íåîáõîäèìî îïðåäåëèòü
     íàãðóçêè ÏÑ íà øèíàõ íèçêîãî è ñðåäíåãî
íàïðÿæåíèÿ.
S=P/cos       (1)
Q= (2)
W=Pmax Tmax     (3)
Ðåçóëüòàòû
ðàñ÷åòîâ ñâîäèì â òàáëèöó 1.
Òàáëèöà 1.  ÏÑ øèíû Pmax ÌÂò Qmax ÌÂàð Smax ÌÂÀ Tmax ÷àñ cos W ÌÂò ÷ 1 ÍÍ10ê 28 13,6 31,1 5700 0,9 159600 2 ÍÍ35ê 12 5,7 13,3 4700 0,9 56400 3 ÑÍ35ê 18 8,7 20 3500 0,9 63000 ÍÍ10Êâ 10 4,8 11,1 3500 0,9 35000
     
Ï.Ñ.1
Síîì ò.=31.1 0.7=21.77
Ï.Ñ.2
Síîì ò.=13.3 0.7=9.31
Ï.Ñ.3
Sìàõ
ï.ò.=Ö(18+10)2+(8.7+4.8)2=31.1ÌÂÀ
Síîì.ò.=31.1 0.7=21.77
1.2
Âûáîð êîëè÷åñòâà è ìîùíîñòè òðàíñôîðìàòîðîâ íà ïîäñòàíöèè:
      íà ÏÑ1-2 2õîáìîòî÷íûõ òðàíñôîðìàòîðà  ÒÐÄÍ25000/110/10
      íà ÏÑ2-2 2õîáìîòî÷íûõ
òðàíñôîðìàòîðà  ÒÄÍ10000/110/10
      íà ÏÑ3-2 3õîáìîòî÷íûõ
òðàíñôîðìàòîðà   ÒÄÒÍ 25000/110/35/10
  
     ò.ê. åñòü ïîòðåáèòåëè I è II êàòåãîðèè.
Ïðè
óñòàíîâêå 2õ  òðàíñôîðìàòîðîâ
ìîùíîñòü êàæäîãî òðàíñôîðìàòîðà âûáèðàåòñÿ ïîðÿäêà 70% îò ìàêñèìàëüíîé íàãðóçêè
ÏÑ
Snom.òð(0,650,7)Smax.ÏÑ
Ïî
ñïðàâî÷íèêó[6,ñòð109-111] âûáèðàåòñÿ áëèæàéøèé ïî ìîùíîñòè òðàíñôîðìàòîð.
Äëÿ
òðåõ îáìîòî÷íîãî òðàíñôîðìàòîðà
Smax.ÏÑ=Ö(Pí+Ðñ)2+(Qí+Qc)2 (4)
        1.3.Ïðîâåðÿåì ïðàâèëüíî ëè âûáðàíû òðàíñôîðìàòîðû ïî
   êîýôôèöèåíòó çàãðóçêè  ïðè íîðìàëüíîì è ïîñëåàâîðèéíîì
   ðåæèìå ïî ôîðìóëàì:
Êç=(Smax.ÏÑ100%)/(2Snom.òð(ñïð))  â íîðìàëüíîì ðåæèìå  (5)
Êç=(Smax.ÏÑ100%)/Snom.òð(ñïð)  â ïîñëåàâîðèéíîì ðåæèìå  (6)
Äëÿ
íîðìàëüíîãî ðåæèìà: Êç100%
Êç(ÏÑ1)=(31.1
100%)/(2 25)=62.2%
Êç(ÏÑ2)=(13.3
100)/(2 10)=66.5%
Kç(ÏÑ)=(31.1 100)/(2 25)=62.2%
Äëÿ
ïîñëåàâîðèéíîãî ðåæèìà: Êç140%
Êç(ÏÑ1)=(31.1
100)/25=124.4%
Êç(ÏÑ2)=(13.3 100)/10=133%
Kç(ÏÑ)=(31.1 100)/25=124.4%
Óñëîâèå
âûïîëíÿåòñÿ , çíà÷èò òðàíñôîðìàòîðû âûáðàíû ïðàâèëüíî. Çàíîñèì äàííûå
òðàíñôîðìàòîðà â òàáëèöó 2.
Òàáëèöà 2. ÏÑ Êàòåãîðèè ïîòðåáëåí. Smax ÌÂÀ ×èñëî òð-ðîâ Snom.òð-ðîâ ÌÂÀ Êîýôôèöèåíò çàãðóçêè íîðì. ðåæèì ïîñëåàâîð. ðåæèì 1 I,II,III 31.1 2 25 62.2 124.4 2 I,II,III 13.3 2 10 66.5 133 3 I,II,III 31.1 2 25 62.2 124.4
1.4.
Îïðåäåëÿåì ïàðàìåòðû òðàíñôîðìàòîðîâ ïî ñïðàâî÷íèêó [6,ñòð109-111] :
Òàáëèöà 3 ÏÑ Òèï òðàíñôîð- ìàòîðà Ñïðàâî÷íûå äàííûå Ðàñ÷åòíûå äàííûå Unom  ê Põõ R     ;  Îì X   ;  Îì Qõõ ÂÍ ÑÍ ÍÍ êÂò ÂÍ ÑÍ ÍÍ ÂÍ ÑÍ ÍÍ êÂàð 1 ÒÐÄÍ 25000/110/10           115 - 10.5 25       3,06 - - 58.36 - -   175 2 ÒÄÍ 10000/110/35 115 - 11 14 7,9 - - 136.5 - - 70 ÒÄÒÍ 25000/110/35/10 115 38,5 11,0 28,5 1.5 1.5 1.5 59.7 0 37.5 175
3
4
1.5.Ðàñ÷åò
ïðèâåäåííûõ íàãðóçîê ïîäñòàíöèè â ÌÂÀ.
5
Ïîäñòàíöèÿ  1
 
28.16+j15.52                 28.11+j15.19             
1.53+j29.18       
                       0.05+j0.33                                                        
0.11+j2.13                                       28+j13.6  
;(7)
DSîá.í=282+13.62/ 1152 (1.53+j29.18)=
0.11+j2.13
 
  S/=S+DSîá.=28+j13.6+0.11+j2.13=28.11+j15.19
  Sïð=S/+Sõõ;=28.11+j15.19+0.05+j0.33=28.16+j15.52
Ïîäñòàíöèÿ  2
12.138+j6.1                12.11+j5.96               3,95+J69.5
               
 0.028+j0.18                                                   0.11+j2.13                                        
12+j5.7
DSoá.í=122 +5.72/ 1152
(8.38+j68.25)=0.11+j0.89
  S/=S+DSîá.í=12+j5.7+0.11+j0.89=12.11+j5.96
  Sïð=S/+Sõõ=12.11+j5.96+0.028+j0.14=12.138+j6.1
Ïîäñòàíöèÿ  3                                                     
18.023+j8.7              0.75+j0               
                                                                                                                           
 18+J8.7
28.169+j16.198        28.079+j15.748            0.75+j29.85            28.029+j13.6
                                                                                               
     0.023+j0 
                        0.09+j0.45                 0.05+j2.08                                          
10.0+j4.97                                          10+J405
                                                                                                  
0.006+J0.168
DSîá.í=102+4.82/1152(0.75+j18.75)=0.006+j0.168
DSîá.ñ=182+8.72/1152(0.75+j0)=0.023+j0
S/í=Sí+DSîá.í=10+j4.8+0.006+j0.168=10.006+j4.968
S/c=Sc+DSîá.ñ=18+j8.7+0.023+j0=18.023+j8.7
Sâ=S/ñ+S/í=18.023+j8.7+10.006+j4.968=28.029+j13.668
DSîá.â=28.0292+13.6682/1152(0.75+j29.85)=0.05+j2.08
S/â=Sâ+DSîá.â=28.029+j13.668+0.05+j2.08=28.079+j15.748
S=S/â+DSõõ=28,079+j15.748+0.09+j0.45=28.169+j16.198
  2.ÑÎÑÒÀÂËÅÍÈÅ ÂÀÐÈÀÍÒÎÂ ÑÕÅÌ
ÝËÅÊÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÎÉ
ÑÅÒÈ È ÐÀÑ×¨Ò ÄÂÓÕ ÈÇ
ÍÈÕ
ÏÐÈ ÌÀÊÑÈÌÀËÜÍÛÕ ÍÀÃÐÓÇÊÀÕ
2,1 Ñîñòàâëåíèå âàðèàíòîâ ñõåì ñåòè.
N                Êîíôèãóðàöèÿ ñõåìû                 äëèííà     äëèííà       êîë-âî âûêëþ÷à-
                                                                                           òðàññû   ïðîâîäà       òåëåé íà
âûñîêîì
                                                                            
êì.           êì.           íàïðÿæåíèè.        
                                                                                                                
   À-2
                                                                         
1-3  
                                                                                                                   
2-3
1                                                                         156           156                 
3-3
                                                                                                                
Èòîãî 11
                                                                                                                     À-6
                                                                                                                     
1-2
2                                                                                                                    2-2
                                                                          
151            302                   3-2 
                                                                         
                                       Èòîãî 12
                                                                                                                     
À-4   
3                                                                                     
                               1-2 
                                                                                                                      
2-2
                                                                                           
                           3-2       
                                                                           
121           242              Èòîãî 10         
                                                                                                                
À-4     
                                                                                                                  1-2
4                                                                                                               
2-2
                                                                          
186           224                3-2
                                                                                                              
Èòîãî 12  
   Ïî êîëè÷åñòâó âûêëþ÷àòåëåé, äëèíå òðàññû,
äëèíå ïðîâîäà
âûáèðàåì
âàðèàíòû 1è3.
2.ÑÎÑÒÎÂËÅÍÈÅ
ÂÀÐÈÀÍÒΠÑÕÅÌ ÝËÅÊÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÎÉ ÑÅÒÈ È ÐÀÑ×ÅÒ ÄÂÓÕ ÈÇ ÍÈÕ ÏÐÈ ÌÀÊÑÈÌÀËÜÍÛÕ
ÍÀÃÐÓÇÊÀÕ
2.1.Ñîñòîâëåíèå
âàðèàíòîâ ñõåì ñåòè.
Òàáëèöà 
4 N âàðèàíòà Êîíôèãóðàöèÿ ñõåìû äëèííà òðàññû êì äëèííà ïðîâîäà êì Êîëè÷åñòâî âûêëþ÷àòåëåé íà âû-ñîêîì íàïðÿæåíèè 1            1                                        2       À 170 170 ÏÑ À+ÏÑ1+ÏÑ2 2+3+3=8 2      1 À                                          2 95 190 2+2+2=6 3              1 À                                       2 120 240 2+2+2=6 4
  Ïî êîëè÷åñòâó âûêëþ÷àòåëåé , äëèíå òðàññû è äëèíå
ïðîâîäà âûáåðåì áîëåå ýêîíîìè÷íûå âàðèàíòû 1 è 4 .
Âàðèàíò
N1.
                    1      Sïð=28.16+j15.52
À                                         
2   
                                                Sïð=12.138+j6.1
                                3                      
    .                                Sïð=28.169+j16.198
                              
Ïðåâðàùàåì
êîëüöåâóþ ñåòü â ëèíèþ ñ äâóõñòîðîííèì ïèòàíèåì.
   À                                                                                 
                                              À1
                  38êì                     37êì                             35êì                         46êì                
                          28+j15.52              
12.138+j6.1                 28.169+j16.198 (8)
SA=[(28,16+j15.52 )118+(12.138+j6.1)81+(28.169+j16.198)46]/156=
=5601.832+j3070.568/156=35.9+j19.7
SA/=(28.16+j15.52)38+(12.138+j6.1)75+(28.169+J16.198)110=
=5078.99+j2829.04/156=32.6+j18.1
Äåëàåì
ïðîâåðêó
SA+SA/=   (9)
68.5+j37.8=68.5+j37.8
Íàõîäèì
ìîùíîñòè íà êàæäîì ó÷àñòêå è òî÷êó òîêîðàñïðåäèëåíèÿ.
À                                                                                                                               
    A/
 35.9+j19.7             1  7.74+j4.18    2   4.43+j1.9  
3.     32.6+j18.1              
                           28.16+j15.52    12.14+j6.1      28.17+j16.2
                               
Ïîäñ÷èòûâàåì
òîêè íà êàæäîì ó÷àñòêå è âûáåðåì ñå÷åíèå ïî ýêîíîìè÷åñêîé ïëîòíîñòè òîêà. Äëÿ
êîëüöåâîé ñåòè íàõîäèì Òñð.
; (10)
Tcp=28.16*5700+12.14*4700+28.17*3500/28.16+12.14+28.17=4617.57 ÷.
Ó÷àñòîê
3-2
Imax=;  (11)
Imax=Ö4.432+1.92/Ö3*110*103=25À
Ó÷àñòîê
2-1
Imax2-1=
Ö7.742+4.182/Ö3*110*103=46À
Ó÷àñòîê
À-1
ImaxA-1=Ö35.92+19.72/Ö3*110*103=214À
Ó÷àñòîê
À1-3
Imax=Ö32.62+18.12/Ö3*110*103=196A
            Âûáîð ñå÷åíèÿ ïðîâîäîâ ìåòîäîì
ýêîíîìè÷åñêèõ èíòåðâàëîâ.
 
Ið = Iìàõ * ai * aò
Äëÿ
ó÷àñòêà À1-3
Ip=196*1.05*1=205.8A
                                     
 Äëÿ ó÷àñòêà 3-2
Ip=25*1.05*1=26.25A
Äëÿ
ó÷àñòêà 2-1
Ip=46*1.05*1=48.3A
Äëÿ
ó÷àñòêà 1-À
Ip=214*1.05*1=224.7
    Ïî êàðòå äëÿ Ñåâåðíîãî Óðàëà
ðàéîí  II.
Îïîðû
æåëåçîáåòîí, ëèíèÿ îäíîöåïíàÿ, ðàéîí Ñèáèðè.
Äàííûå
ñâîäèì â òàáëèöó: ó÷àñòîê Smax: ÌÂÀ Imax: A Ip A Fct mm2 Iäîï À Iï.àâ À À1-3 35,9 196 205,8 240 610 410 3-2 7,74 25 26,25 120 390 241 2-1 4,43 46 48,3 120 390 241 1-À 32,6 214 224,7 240 610 410
Ïðîâåðêà
âûáðàííûõ ïðîâîäîâ ïî íàãðåâó â àâàðèéíîì ðåæèìå.
À  68.5+j37.8         40.31+j22.3            28.17+j16.2                                               A1
                                                                                       
                                                      
                                                                                                                                     
                                                                                              
                                                                                           
                  28,16+j15.52           12.14+j6.1           28.17+j16.2
Iàâ1-2=Iàâ3-2=ÖP2+Q2/Ö3*U=241A         
Iàâ1-À=Iàâ3-A1=410A
Iàâ£Iäîï
Âûáðàííûå
ñå÷åíèÿ ïðîâîäà ïðîõîäÿò ïî íàãðåâó.
ÏÀÐÀÌÅÒÐÛ ËÈÍÈÉ. ëèíèÿ äëèíà.êì ìàðêà ïðîâîäà Óäåëüíûå ïàðàìåòðû Ðàñ÷¸òíûå ïàðàìåòðû r0 Îì/êì õ0 Îì/êì q0 Ìâàð/êì R1 Îì X1 ÎÌ Qc Mâàð À1-3 46 ÀÑ-240 0,120 0,405 0,0375 5,52 18,63 1,73 3-2 35 ÀÑ-140 0,249 0,427 0,0355 8,72 14,95 1,24 2-1 37 ÀÑ-140 0,249 0,427 0,0355 9,21 15,80 1,31 1-À 38 ÀÑ-240 0,120 0,405 0,0375 4,56 15,39 1,43
Ðàñ÷¸ò
âåä¸ì ïî ôîðìóëàì:  R=Ro*l/n;   X=Xo*l/n;   Qc=n*Qo*l.
Ñîñòàâëÿåì
ñõåìó çàìåùåíèÿ ñåòè:
 A                                           1                                              
2                                                     3                                   A1
           
4.56+j15.39                 
9.21+j15.8                      
8.72+j14.95                         
5.52+j18.63                                             
  
   j0.72               j0.72           j0.66                 j0.66        j0.62                  
j0.62           j0.86          j0.86
                             28.16+j15.52                  12.14+j6.1                             28.17+j16.2         
           
Ïîäñ÷èòûâàåì
ðàñ÷¸òíûå íàãðóçêè ÏÑ è óïðîùàåì ñõåìó çàìåùåíèÿ ñåòè;
Sp1= Snp1-j(Qc1/2+Qc2/2)=28.16+j15.52-(0.72+0.66)=28.16+j14.14
Sp2=12.14+j6.1-j(0.66+0.62)=12.14+j4.82
Sp3=28.17+j16.2-j(0.62+0.86)=28.17+j14.72
A        
35.9+j17.2         
1          7.7+j3.1             2          
4.4+j1.7               3           32.6+j16.4       A1
                                                                                                                                            
   j0.72                       
28.16+j14.14                 
12.14+j4.82                     
28.17+j14.72         j0.86
Íàõîäèì
ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ìîùíîñòåé â ñõåìå ñ ó÷¸òîì äåéñòâèòåëüíûõ ïàðàìåòðîâ
ëèíèé
ïî ôîðìóëàì:
 PA=GAAå(PiRiA+QiXiA)+BAAå(PiXiA-QiRiA)
 
 QA=-GAAå(PiXiA-QiXiA)+BAAå(PiRiA+QiXiA)      ãäå,
 GAA=RAA/R2AA+X2AA          BAA=XAA/R2AA+X2AA
GAA=28.01/28.012+64.772 =0.0056                   BAA=64.77/28.012+64.772=0.013
PA=0.0056(28.2*23.45+12.1*14.24+28.2*5.52+14.1*49.38+4.8*33.58+14.7*
*18.63)+0.013(28.2*49.38+12.1*33.58+28.2*18.63-14.1*23.45+4.8*14.24+
+14.7*5.52)=35.95
QA=-0.0056*1844.059+0.013*2120.561=17.24
SA=35.9+j17.2
PA1=0.0056(28.2*22.49+12.1*13.77+28.2*4.56+14.7*46.14+4.8*31.9+14.1*
*15.39)+0.013(28.2*46.14+12.1*31.9+28.2*15.39-14.7+22.49+4.8*13.77+
+14.1*4.56)=32.65
QA1=-0.0056*1660.141+0.013*1977.804=16.4
SA1=32.6+j16.4
Ïðîâåðêà:
SA+SA=S1p+S2p+S3p
                          68.5+j33.6=28.2+j14.1+12.1+j4.8+28.2+j14.7
Ëèíèÿ
ñ äâóõñòîðîííèì ïèòàíèåì ðàçäåëÿåòñÿ â òî÷êå ïîòîêîðàçäåëà íà
äâå
ðàäèàëüíûå ëèíèè:
 
                       35+j18.1  7.75+j4                                                  4.4+j1.7 
32.6+j14.4   
 
       j0.72                      28.2+j14.1       7.7+j3.1         4.4+j1.7                
28.2+j14.7          j0.86
                  0.61+j2.06              0.052+j0.9                              0.016+j0.027          0.6+j2.04
Ó÷àñòîê
1-2
Sê=7.7+3.1
DSë=Pk2+Qk2/Uí2(Rë+Xë)=7.72+3.12/1102(9.21+j15.8)= 0.052+J0.9
Sí=Sk+DSë=7.7+j3.1+0.052+j0.9=7.752+j4
Ó÷àñòîê
À-1
Sk=Sí1-2+Sp1=7.752+j4+28.2+j14.1=35.952+j18.1
DSë=35.952+18.12/1102(4.56+j15.39)=0.61+j2.06
Sí=35.95+j18.1+0.61+j2.06=36.56+j20.16
Sa=Sí-jQ/2=36.56+j20.16-j0.72=36.56+j19.44
Ó÷àñòîê
2-3
Sk=4.4+j1.7
DS=4.42+1.72/1102(8.72+14.95)=0.016+j0.027
Sí=4.4+j1.7+0.016+j0.027=4.416+j1.727
Ó÷àñòîê
3-À1
Sk=4.416+j1.727+28.2+j14.7=32.62+j16.43
DS=32.622+16.432/1102(5.52+18.63)=0.6+j2.04
Sí=32.62+j16.43+0.6+j2.04=33.22+j18.47
Sa1=33.22+j18.47-j0.86=33.22+j17.61
åSa=Sa+Sa1=36.56+j19.44+33.22+j17.61=69.78+j37.05
Âàðèàíò
N 3
                       1        
Sïð=28.16+j15.52
A                                        2         Sïð=12.138+j6.1
3
Sïð=28.169+j16.198
À    
        40,29+j21.62         1    
12.138+j6.1       2
                               
28.16+j15.52  T=5700  
12.138+j6.1                                 
             28.169+j16.198     3                           T=4700    
                                
28.169+j16.198
                                      T=3500
Tîêè íà êàæäîì ó÷àñòêå:
 
Imax=ÖP+Q/Ö3U
Ó÷àñòîê À-1
Imax=Ö40.292+21.622/Ö3*110*2*103=120A
Ó÷àñòîê 1-2
Imax=Ö12.1382+6.12/380.6*103=35A
Ó÷àñòîê A-3
Imax=Ö28.1692+16.1982/380.6*103=85A
Âûáîð ñå÷åíèÿ ïðîâîäîâ:
Ip=Imax*ai*at          ai=1.05      at=1
Äëÿ ó÷àñòêà À-1
Ip=120*1.05*1=126A
Äëÿ ó÷àñòêà 1-2
Ip=35*1.05*1=36.75A
Äëÿ ó÷àñòêà À-3
Ip=85*1.05*0.8=71.4
Ïî êàðòå, ðàéîí Ñåâåðíîãî Óðàëà -II. Îïîðû
æåëåçîáåòîííûå,
ëèíèÿ äâóöåïíàÿ.
Ó÷àñòîê    Smax    Imax    Ip     
Fct    Iäîï    Iï.àâ.
 À-1            40,29     120    126    120   
375      240
 1-2             12,138   35     36,75  95   
330       70
 À-3            28,169   85       71,4  95   
330       70
ÏÀÐÀÌÅÒÐÛ ËÈÍÈÉ ëèíèÿ äëèíà êì ìàðêà ïðîâîä óäåëüíûå ïàðàìåòðû ðàñ÷¸òíûå ïàðàìåòðû r0 x0 q0 R1 X1 Q1 A-1. 38 AC-120 0.249 0.427 0.0355 4.731 8.113 2.698 1.2 37 AC-95 0.306 0.434 0.035 5.661 8.029 2.59 A-3 46 AC-95 0.306 0.434 0.035 7.038 9.982 3.22
         Ðàñ÷¸òíûå ôîðìóëû:  r0*l/n  X=x0*l/n   Qc=n*q0*l
Ñõåìà çàìåùåíèÿ è äåéñòâèòåëüíûå ïàðàìåòðû:
 À                       4.73+j8.11             1                  5.66+j8.03                    2           
             j1.35                  j1.35                     j1.3                       j1.3
                                                
28.16+j15.52                                          12.14+j6.1     
                            7.04+j9.98               
                                                            3
             j1.61                        j1.61             28.17+j16.2
Sp1=28.16+j15.52-j(1.35+1.3)=28.16+j12.87
Sp2=12.14+j6.1-j1.3=12.14+j4.8
Sp3=28.17+j16.2-j1.61=28.17+j14.6
A                           
  41.18+j21.81                                  12.22+j4.91
          j1.35                             28.16+j12.87                                 12.14+j4.8  
 
   28.75+j15.43
           j1.61                              28.17+j14.6
Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ìîùíîñòåé ïî ëèíèÿì ñ ó÷¸òîì ïîòåðü.
Ó÷àñòîê 1-2
Sk=12.14+j4.8      DS=0.08+j0.11       Sí=12.22+j4.91
Ó÷àñòîê À-1
Sk=40.38+j20.43       DS=0.8+j1.38        Sí=41.18+j21.81
Ó÷àñòîê À-3
Sk=28.17+j14.6         DS=0.58+j0.83        Sí=28.75+j15.43
Sa=28.75+j15.43
åSa=69.93+j34.28 46êì 37êì 38êì
Âàðèàíò N1                                                         Âàðèàíò N3
                   1
  38êì
                                                                                            
1                     2*25 110/10 37êì
                                            Sp28.16+j15.52
                                     
2                                 
À
A                                     
Sp=12.14+j6.1                                                      2   35êì
                                                                                                                     
2*10 110/10
                       3                                                                         
      3  46êì
                                 
Sp=28.17+j16.2                                             2*25  110/35/10
Âàðèàíò N1                                                                               
Âàðèàíò N3 ÊëÀ-1=38*14=532ò.ðóá Êë1-2=37*11.4=421.8ò.ðóá Kë2-3=35*11.4=399ò.ðóá. Kë3-A=46*14=644ò.ðóá. Êë=1996.8ò.ðóá. Kè=530+380+560=1470ò.ðóá. Kc=1996.8+1470=3466.8ò.ðóá. Èë=2.8*1996.8/100=55.9ò.ðóá. Èï=9.4*1470/100=138.18ò.ðóá Tcp=t=4617.6=2500ò.ðóá DW=2500*(0.052+0.61+0.016+0.6)=3195 Èw=0.01*3195=31.95ò.ðóá Èñ=55.9+138.18+31.95=226.03ò.ðóá Çïð=0.12*3466.8+226.03=642.046ò.ðóá ÊëA-1=38*18.1=687.8ò.ðóá Êë1-2=37*17.8=652.6ò.ðóá ÊëA-3=46*17.8=818.8ò.ðóá Êë=2165ò.ðóá Êè=430+310+525=1265ò.ðóá Êñ=2165.2+1265=3430.2ò.ðóá Èë=2.8*2165.2/100=60.63ò.ðóá Èï=9.4*1265/100=118.9ò.ðóá DW=3700*0.8+2600*0.08+1500*0.58= =4038ò,ðóá Èw=0.01*4038=40.38ò.ðóá Èñ=60.63+118.9+40.38=219.9ò.ðóá Çïð=0.12*3430.2+219.9=631.524ò.ðóá
631,5—100%
642 ---X%
X=642*100/631.5=101.6%
Âàðèàíòû ñõåì ðàâíîçíà÷íû, ò. ê. 3 âàðèàíò ñõåìû
îòëè÷àåòñÿ ìåíåå, ÷åì
íà 3% îò âàðèàíòà 1. Ïî èíæåíåðíûì
ïàðàìåòðàì âûáèðàåì âàðèàíò 3.
4. ÎÊÎÍ×ÀÒÅËÜÍÛÉ ÐÀÑ×¨Ò ÎÏÒÈÌÀËÜÍÎÃÎ ÂÀÐÈÀÍÒÀ ÑÕÅÌÛ
ÏÐÎÅÊÒÈÐÓÅÌÎÉ ÝËÅÊÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÎÉ ÑÅÒÈ
Ðàñ÷¸ò ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé ñåòè â íàèáîëåå òÿæ¸ëîì
àâàðèéíîì ðåæèìå.
 
                        1
À
                                  
2
                         3
Ðàñ÷¸ò ó÷àñòêîâ À-1 è 1-2
  A                           9,5+j16.2             1                               11.3+j16.1                 2
       
         j0.67                       j0.67                      j0.64                                j0.64
                                                 28.16+j15.52                                                 
12.14+j6.1
  ðàñ÷¸òíûå äàííûå À-1 1-2 R=r0*l X=x0*l Qc=q*l Qc/2 0.249*38=9.5 0.427*38=16.2 0.0355*38=1.34 0.67 0.306*37=11.3 0.434*37=16.1 0.035*37=1.29 0.64
Ñîñòàâëÿåì áàëàíñ ìîùíîñòåé ïî ó÷àñòêàì ñ ó÷¸òîì
ïîòåðü è íàõîäèì
ìîùíîñòü ïîòðåáëÿåìóþ îò èñòî÷íèêà:
Sp1-2=12.14+j(6.1-0.64)=12.14+j5.46
SpA-1=28.16+j(15.52-j0.67-0.64)=28.16+j14.21
Ó÷àñòîê 1-2
Sk=12.14+j5.46
DS=0.17+j0.24
Sí=12.31+j5.70
Ó÷àñòîê À-1
Sk=12.31+j5.7+28.16+j14.21=40.47+j19.9
DS=1.6+j2.72
Sí=40.47+j19.9+1.6+j2.72=42+j22.6
Sï=42+j(22.6-0.67)=42+j22.07
Sèñò=28.17+j16.2+42+j22.07=70.17+j38.27
                                                            
                                                    Sk 40.47+j19.9                            Sk  12.14+j5.46
       
70.17+j38.27       42.0+j22.6                                12.31+j5.70
 
                                                   
                     
5.ÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈÅ ÍÀÏÐßÆÅÍÈß ÍÀ ØÈÍÀÕ ÏÎÄÑÒÀÍÖÈÈ È ÂÛÁÎÐ ÑÏÎÑÎÁÎÂ
ÐÅÃÓËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß ÍÀÏÐßÆÅÍÈß
Ìàêñèìàëüíûé ðåæèì:
A
                                   
4.73+j8.11                                             5.66+j8.03   
  41,18+j21.81                                           1    12.22+j4.91                                        2 112,8ê 116ê 111,8êÂ
                                   
7.04+j9.98                 3
   28.75+j13.82 113êÂ
U1=116-41.28*4.73+21.81*8.11/116=112.8êÂ
U2=112.8-12.22*5.66+4.91*8.03/112.8=111.84êÂ
U3=116-28.75*7.04+13.82*9.98/116=113.07êÂ
Àâàðèéíûé ðåæèì:
 
A    42+j22.6                9.5+j16.2         1   
12.31+j5.7              
11.3+j16.1                  
2     
  116ê 109,4ê 107,3êÂ
U1=116-42*9.5+22.6*16.2/116=109.37êÂ
U2=109.4-12.31*11.3+5.7*16.1/109.4=107.3êÂ
Âûáîð ñïîñîáîâ ðåãóëèðîâàíèÿ íàïðÿæåíèÿ íà øèíàõ
ïîäñòàíöèè:
Ïîäñòàíöèÿ 3.
                                                                                          
0.75+j0
                                                                18+j8.7                                          108,7êÂ
                                                                          
··    108,7êÂ
  
28+j15.7            0.75+j29.9 113êÂ
  ·
                                                
                                          0.75+j18.75
                                                              
10+j4.9 107,8êÂ
U0=113-28*0.75+15.7*29.9/113=108.66
Ucí=0
Uíí=108.66-10*0.75+4.9*18.75=107.75
Çàäà¸ìñÿ æåëàåìûì íàïðÿæåíèåì ÍÍ
Uæ³1,05*Uíîì.ñåòè=1.05*10=10.5êÂ
Íàïðÿæåíèå îòâåòâëåíèÿ íà ÂÍ
Uîòâ=Uí1*Uíîì.í/Uæ=107.8*11/10.5=112.8êÂ
Ïî øêàëå Uîòâ.ñò=112.95(-1*1.78%)
Äåéñòâèòåëüíîå íàïðÿæåíèå íà øèíàõ ÍÍ
Uäí=Uí1*Uíí.òð/Uîò.ñò=107.8*11/112.95=10.49êÂ
Çàäà¸ìñÿ æåëàåìûì íàïðÿæåíèåì ÑÍ
Uæ.ñ=³1.05*Uí.ñåòè=1.05*35=36.75êÂ
Uä.ñ=108.7*38.5/112095=37.05êÂ
 
   
Ïîäñòàíöèÿ 1
   28,1+j15.2           1.53+j29.18  
· 10.6
                                       
                                        · 108.5 10.3 Ìàêñèìàëüíûé ðåæèì Àâàðèéíûé ðåæèì Uí=11208-28.1*1.53+15.2*29.18/112.8= =108.5ê Uí=109.4-28.1*1.53+15.2*29.18/109.4= =104.96ê Uæ³1.05*10=10.5ê Uæ=£1.0*10=10ê Uîòâ=108.5*10.5/10.5=108.5ê Uîòâ=104.96*10.5/10=110.2ê Uîòâ.ñò106,81(-4*1.78) Uäí=104.96*10.5/106.81=10.3ê Uäí=108*10.5/106.81=10.6êÂ
Ïîäñòàíöèÿ 2
     12,1+j5.96             
3.95+j69.5      10,6
·                                                                                   
· 10,2 103,17 Ìàêñèìàëüíûé ðåæèì Àâàðèéíûé ðåæèì Uí=111.8-12.1*3.95+5.96*69.5/111.8= =107.67ê Uí=107.3-12.1*3.95+5.96*69.5/11108= =103.17ê Uæ³1.05*10=10.5ê Uæ£1.0*10=10ê Uîòâ=107.67*11/10.5=112.79ê Uîòâ=103.17*11/10=113.48ê Uîòâ.ñò=110.91(-2*1.78) Uäí=107.67*11/110.91=10.6ê Uäí=103.17*11/110.91=10.2êÂ
Âûâîä:
Íà ïîäñòàíöèÿõ 1,2,3 â ðàññìàòðèâàåìûõ ðåæèìàõ, èìåþùèõñÿ
íà
òðàíñôîðìàòîðàõ äèàïàçîíîâ ðåãóëèðîâêè íàïðÿæåíèÿ îêàçûâàåòñÿ äîñòàòî÷íî äëÿ
îáåñïå÷åíèÿ òðåáóåìûõ óðîâíåé íàïðÿæåíèÿ, òàê êàê
äåéñòâèòåëüíûå
íàïðÿæåíèÿ áëèçêè ê æåëàåìûì.   
ÑÏÈÑÎÊ  ÈÑÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÍÎÉ ËÈÒÅÐÀÒÓÐÛ
1.Ðîêîòÿí
Ñ.Ñ. “Ñïðàâî÷íèê ïî ïðîåêòèðîâàíèþ ýëåêòðîýíåðãåòè÷åñêèõ 
    ñèñòåì” Ì. “ Ýíåðãèÿ”,1987ã.
2.
Ïðàâèëà óñòðîéñòâà ýëåêòðîóñòàíîâîê” Ì. “ Ýíåðãèÿ”,1988ã.
3.
Áîðîâèêîâ Â.À. “Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ñåòè ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèå ñèñòåìû”,1989ã.
4.
Íåêëåïàåâ Á.Í. “Ýëåêòðè÷åñêàÿ ÷àñòü ýëåêòðîñòàíöèé è ïîäñòàíöèé” Ì.
    “ Ýíåðãèÿ”,1989ã.
5.
Ýíåðãèÿ” æóðíàë ¹10 ,1996ã.
6.
Íåêëåïàåâ Á.Í. “Ýëåêòðè÷åñêàÿ ÷àñòü ýëåêòðîñòàíöèé è ïîäñòàíöèé” Ì.

Ýíåðãèÿ”, 1972ã.
7.
ÍÒÏ ÏÑ 1993ã.
8.
Ïðèíöèïèàëüíûå ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ñõåìû ÐÓ ÏÑ 6-750 ê”1991ã.
Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå íàãðóçêè ðàñ÷åò òðàíñôîðìàòîðà êâ è âûáîð åãî. Ðåôåðàò íà òåìó ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ñåòè Ìîñêâà Ðîññèÿ Ìîñêâå. Áîðîâèêîâ  À ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ñåòè ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèõ ñèñòåì. Ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèé òåõíèêóì åêàòåðèíáóðã êóðñîâîé ïðîåêò. Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ñåòè ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèõ ñèñòåì êóðñîâîé. Ðåôåðàò ïî òåìå ýëåêòðîýíåðãåòè÷åñêèå ñèñòåìû. Ðåôåðàò íà òåìó ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ñåòè è ñèñòåìû.  À Áîðîâèêîâ Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ñåòè è ñèñòåìû. Ðåôåðàò íà òåìó ñõåìû ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ ñåòåé. Êðîññâîðä ïî ôèçèêå Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ÿâëåíèÿ. Îïòèìàëüíûé âàðèàíò ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé ñåòè êÂ. Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ñåòè ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèõ ñèñòåì. ÐÅÔÅÐÀÒ ÏÎ ÝËÅÊÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÑÅÒÈ È ÑÈÑÒÅÌÛ. Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ñåòè è ñèñòåìû Áîðîâèêîâ. Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå è ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèå ñèñòåìû.

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